Revenue: total income generated from business operations.
Gross profit: revenue minus cost of goods sold.
Operating income: profit from core business activities.
Net income: final profit after all expenses and taxes.
EBITDA: earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.
Cash flow: net movement of cash in and out of a business.
Free cash flow: cash remaining after capital expenditures.
Burn rate: speed at which a company spends cash.
Runway: time a company can operate before running out of cash.
Cost of goods sold: direct costs of producing goods or services.
Operating expenses: ongoing costs of running the business.
Capital expenditure: funds used to acquire or upgrade assets.
Working capital: difference between current assets and liabilities.
Accounts receivable: money owed to the company by customers.
Accounts payable: money the company owes to suppliers.
Inventory: goods available for sale.
Inventory turnover: rate at which inventory is sold and replaced.
Gross margin: gross profit expressed as a percentage of revenue.
Operating margin: operating income as a percentage of revenue.
Net margin: net income as a percentage of revenue.
Break-even point: level where total revenue equals total costs.
Unit economics: profitability per unit of product or service.
Scalability: ability to grow without proportional cost increase.
Economies of scale: cost advantages from increased production.
Diseconomies of scale: inefficiencies as a company grows too large.
Overhead: indirect business expenses not tied to production.
Fixed costs: costs that do not change with output.
Variable costs: costs that vary with production levels.
Contribution margin: revenue minus variable costs per unit.
Depreciation: allocation of tangible asset cost over time.
Amortization: allocation of intangible asset cost over time.
Impairment: reduction in the value of an asset.
Goodwill: intangible value from acquisitions above fair value.
Write-off: full removal of an asset as a loss.
Write-down: partial reduction in asset value.
Liquidity: ability to meet short-term obligations.
Solvency: ability to meet long-term obligations.
Current ratio: current assets divided by current liabilities.
Quick ratio: liquid assets divided by current liabilities.
Debt: borrowed funds that must be repaid.
Equity: ownership stake in the company.
Leverage: use of debt to finance operations.
Debt-to-equity ratio: comparison of debt to shareholder equity.
Cost of capital: required return to finance the business.
Weighted average cost of capital: average cost of all funding sources.
Return on investment: profit relative to invested capital.
Return on equity: profit relative to shareholder equity.
Return on assets: profit relative to total assets.
Valuation: process of determining company worth.
Enterprise value: total value including debt and equity.
Market capitalization: total value of outstanding shares.
Book value: net asset value on the balance sheet.
Intrinsic value: estimated true value of a company.
Discounted cash flow: valuation based on future cash flows.
Net present value: current value of future cash flows.
Internal rate of return: expected annual return of a project.
Payback period: time required to recover an investment.
Profitability: ability to generate earnings.
Efficiency ratio: measure of operational efficiency.
Utilization rate: extent to which resources are used.
Turnover: rate at which assets or employees are replaced.
Customer acquisition cost: cost to acquire a new customer.
Lifetime value: total revenue expected from a customer.
Churn rate: rate at which customers stop using a service.
Retention rate: percentage of customers retained over time.
Pricing strategy: method used to set product prices.
Markup: amount added to cost to determine price.
Margin: difference between revenue and cost.
Revenue stream: source of income for the business.
Business model: how a company creates and captures value.
Value proposition: unique benefit offered to customers.
Competitive advantage: factor that gives edge over rivals.
Market share: portion of total market controlled.
Growth rate: rate at which revenue or profit increases.
Pipeline: potential future sales opportunities.
Backlog: orders received but not yet fulfilled.
Lead time: time from order to delivery.
Procurement: process of acquiring goods or services.
Supply chain: network involved in production and delivery.
Outsourcing: delegating business processes externally.
Vertical integration: controlling multiple production stages.
Horizontal integration: expanding into similar business areas.
Synergy: added value from combining businesses.
Merger: combining two companies into one.
Acquisition: one company purchasing another.
Divestiture: selling off part of a business.
Spin-off: creating a new independent company.
Restructuring: reorganizing operations or finances.
Downsizing: reducing workforce or operations.
IPO: first public sale of company shares.
Secondary offering: issuing additional shares after IPO.
Shareholder: owner of company stock.
Stakeholder: any party affected by the business.
Board of directors: group overseeing company management.
Corporate governance: system of rules and practices.
Compliance: adherence to laws and regulations.
Audit: examination of financial statements.
Forecasting: estimating future financial performance.
Budgeting: planning future income and expenses.
KPI: key performance indicator used to measure success.
Benchmarking: comparing performance to industry standards.